This textbook presents material in detail, in accordance with the syllabus for the "Ecology and Safety" course—part of the second-generation State Educational Standards for Higher Professional Education—for the field of study 050104, "Life Safety." The publication focuses primarily on general ecology, geoecology, and environmental safety. It is intended for university students across all fields of study who are taking an ecology course as part of their curriculum. The book may also serve as a reference resource for postgraduate students, master's students, and instructors.